A Steerable Microcatheter Effectively Worked in Tumor Embolization.

Objective: A Leonis Mova (LM; SB Kawasumi, Kanagawa, Japan), one of the steerable microcatheters, has a remote-controlled flexible catheter tip manipulated with a dial in the hand grip, which enables operators to overcome complicated branching in endovascular surgeries. We report a case of a pituitary tumor in which the LM worked effectively as a distal access catheter (DAC) in tumor embolization.

Case Presentation: A female patient in her 70s complained of bitemporal hemianopsia, and an MRI revealed a pituitary tumor that appeared hypervascular.

Boosting neuronal activity-driven mitochondrial DNA transcription improves cognition in aged mice.

Deciphering the complex interplay between neuronal activity and mitochondrial function is pivotal in understanding brain aging, a multifaceted process marked by declines in synaptic function and mitochondrial performance. Here, we identified an age-dependent coupling between neuronal and synaptic excitation and mitochondrial DNA transcription (E-TC), which operates differently compared to classic excitation-transcription coupling in the nucleus (E-TC). We demonstrated that E-TC repurposes molecules traditionally associated with E-TC to regulate mitochondrial DNA expression in areas closely linked to synaptic activation.

Prediagnostic Phase of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in a Longitudinal Epidemiological Study of Dementia and Aging: A Case Report.

A 63-year-old previously healthy man participated in a longitudinal epidemiologic study of dementia and aging. Although he initially showed no subjective symptoms and a normal motor function, verbal fluency test scores gradually declined, and progressive atrophy of the frontal lobes was observed on magnetic resonance imaging of the head. At 71 years old, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) was diagnosed after supranuclear gaze palsy, and gait disturbance developed.

Pharmacological target sites for restoration of age-associated deficits in NMDA receptor-mediated norepinephrine release in brain.

Aging affects virtually all organs of the body, but perhaps it has the most profound effects on the brain and its neurotransmitter systems, which influence a wide range of crucial functions, such as attention, focus, mood, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, and sleep cycles. All of these essential functions, as well as fundamental cognitive processes such as memory, recall, and processing speed, utilize neuronal circuits that depend on neurotransmitter signaling between neurons. Glutamate (Glu), the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is involved in most neuronal excitatory functions, including release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE).

Formation of long-term memory without short-term memory revealed by CaMKII inhibition.

Long-term memory (LTM) consolidation is thought to require the prior establishment of short-term memory (STM). Here we show that optogenetic or genetic CaMKII inhibition impairs STM for an inhibitory avoidance task at 1 h but not LTM at 1 day in mice. Similarly, cortico-amygdala synaptic potentiation was more sensitive to CaMKII inhibition at 1 h than at 1 day after training.