Electroencephalography-guided transcranial direct current stimulation improves picture-naming performance.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential method for improving verbal function by stimulating Broca's area. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to optimize the stimulation site, but it is unclear whether similar optimization can be achieved using scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we investigated whether tDCS targeting a brain area identified by EEG can improve verbalization performance during a picture-naming task.

Accuracy of determining gait independence using adductor pollicis muscle thickness and skeletal muscle mass index in community-dwelling older adults undergoing outpatient rehabilitation.

Objective: The accuracy of determining gait independence using adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in community-dwelling older adults undergoing outpatient rehabilitation remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of determining gait independence using APMT and SMI in community-dwelling older adults undergoing outpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: This study included 98 older adults (mean age: 85.

Social factors affecting home-based end-of-life care for patients with cancer and primary caregivers.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the social factors of patients and caregivers, including those related to their wishes for home-based end-of-life care that influence its fulfillment.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using the dataset (home-based end-of-life care N = 625, hospital end-of-life care N = 7603) Comprehensive patient-based survey conducted by The Study on Quality Evaluation of Hospice and Palliative Care by Bereaved Caregivers (J-HOPE 4) and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression) to explore the impact of social factors of patients and caregivers on the fulfillment of home-based end-of-life care. The explanatory variables included 11 social factors of patients, such as age and sex, and 18 social factors of primary caregivers.

Autistic trait severity in early schizophrenia: Role in subjective quality of life and social functioning.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a cardinal feature in patients with schizophrenia and leads to poor social functioning. Recently, the treatment of schizophrenia has evolved to include the goal of improving quality of life (QoL). However, most of the factors influencing subjective QoL are unknown.