Display of Native SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Mammalian Cells to Measure Antibody Affinity and ADCC.

COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development of antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several antibodies have been instrumental in protecting vulnerable populations, but their utility was limited by the emergence of spike variants with diminished susceptibility to antibody binding and neutralization. Moreover, these spike variants exhibited reduced neutralization by polyclonal antibodies in vaccinated individuals.

Teaching troubleshooting skills to graduate students.

Troubleshooting is an important part of experimental research, but graduate students rarely receive formal training in this skill. In this article, we describe an initiative called Pipettes and Problem Solving that we developed to teach troubleshooting skills to graduate students at the University of Texas at Austin. An experienced researcher presents details of a hypothetical experiment that has produced unexpected results, and students have to propose new experiments that will help identify the source of the problem.

SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Immune Responses in Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months Reveal Severity-Dependent Antibody Dynamics.

Background: Understanding the kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to informing strategies toward reducing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfections, and improving vaccination and therapy approaches.

Methods: We evaluated antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike in 98 convalescent participants who experienced asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe COVID-19 disease and in 17 non-vaccinated, non-infected controls, using four different antibody assays. Participants were sampled longitudinally at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR test.

Identification of a conserved S2 epitope present on spike proteins from all highly pathogenic coronaviruses.

To address the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and prepare for future coronavirus outbreaks, understanding the protective potential of epitopes conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants and coronavirus lineages is essential. We describe a highly conserved, conformational S2 domain epitope present only in the prefusion core of β-coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 S2 apex residues 980-1006 in the flexible hinge. Antibody RAY53 binds the native hinge in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spikes on the surface of mammalian cells and mediates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and cytotoxicity against SARS-CoV-2 spike in vitro.