Acute effects of esketamine on hypoxic ventilatory response, haemodynamics, and brain function in healthy volunteers.

Background: The acute hypoxic ventilatory response is a critical chemoreflex originating at the carotid bodies. This study investigates the impact of low-dose i.v.

Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside Reduces Racemic Ketamine-But Not Esketamine-Induced Pain Relief.

The anesthetic, analgesic and antidepressant drug ketamine produces dissociation with symptoms of psychosis and anxiety, an effect attributed to neuronal nitric oxide depletion following -methyl-d-aspartate blockade. There is evidence that dissociation induced by racemic ketamine, containing both ketamine enantiomers (S- and R-ketamine) but not esketamine (the S-isomer) is inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We tested whether a similar intervention would reduce racemic and esketamine-induced analgesia in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Investigating the Influence of Antidiabetic Medications and Psychosocial Factors.

The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression presents a significant area of medical concern, characterized by a higher incidence of depression among T2DM patients compared to the general population. This connection is not only evidenced in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in diabetic patients but also in the way these symptoms impact diabetes management. Furthermore, the influence of antidiabetic medications, especially sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, on depression risk is a topic of ongoing research, with contrasting findings regarding the effects of drugs like metformin and pioglitazone.

Reversal of Propofol-induced Depression of the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response by BK-channel Blocker ENA-001: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of anesthetics may result in depression of the hypoxic ventilatory response. Since there are no receptor-specific antagonists for most anesthetics, there is the need for agnostic respiratory stimulants that increase respiratory drive irrespective of its cause. The authors tested whether ENA-001, an agnostic respiratory stimulant that blocks carotid body BK-channels, could restore the hypoxic ventilatory response during propofol infusion.