Publications by authors named "R W Putnam"
As a field that predominately supports individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we have an ethical duty as behavior analysts to ensure that the goals we write and interventions we prescribe promote best outcomes across the lifespan. This is critical, given that as it stands now, outcomes in adulthood for individuals with ASD are poor in every area assessed. The can be interpreted to provide support for teaching the right goals, the right way, with respect to inherent rights of those we serve, in order to help affect positive changes in these outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Critique of Colonialism and Modern Aid in Africa: What Would Skinner Say?
Behav Soc Issues
May 2022
Article Synopsis
- Skinner argues that providing too much help can hinder the development of self-sufficiency and create dependency (Skinner, 1996).
- The author’s experiences in Africa highlight how this dynamic is prevalent in formerly colonized nations, where aid can reproduce a cycle of dependency rather than promote growth.
- The paper will offer ideas for behavior analysts on how to engage in community-driven development to address and challenge these colonial power dynamics in their international work.
The cellular mechanisms by which LC neurons respond to hypercapnia are usually attributed to an "accelerator" whereby hypercapnic acidosis causes an inhibition of K channels or activation of Na and Ca channels to depolarize CO-sensitive neurons. Nevertheless, it is still unknown if this "accelerator" mechanism could be controlled by a brake phenomenon. Whole-cell patch clamping, fluorescence imaging microscopy and plethysmography were used to study the chemosensitive response of the LC neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Central chemoreceptors detect pH and CO2 level changes, increasing neuron activity and stimulating ventilation.
- A computational model was developed to replicate the key electrical activities of CO2/H+-sensitive neurons, exploring their responses to various stimuli.
- Findings suggest that external electrical signals are more influential in modulating neuronal responses than the chemical changes previously believed, with potential applications for understanding disorders linked to altered chemosensitivity.
Rats reared in hyperoxia hypoventilate in normoxia and exhibit progressive blunting of the hypoxic ventilatory response, changes which are at least partially attributed to abnormal carotid body development. Since the carotid body also responds to changes in arterial CO/pH, we tested the hypothesis that developmental hyperoxia would attenuate the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) of neonatal rats by blunting peripheral and/or central chemoreceptor responses to hypercapnic challenges. Rats were reared in 21% O (Control) or 60% O (Hyperoxia) until studied at 4, 6-7, or 13-14days of age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF