Small-molecule scaffolds for CYP51 inhibitors identified by high-throughput screening and defined by X-ray crystallography.

Sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a major checkpoint in membrane sterol biosynthesis, is a key target for fungal antibiotic therapy. We sought small organic molecules for lead candidate CYP51 inhibitors. The changes in CYP51 spectral properties following ligand binding make CYP51 a convenient target for high-throughput screening technologies.

[Simulation of nitrogen mineralization and immobilization of crop straw during its initial decomposition in soil].

The nitrogen (N) transformation of crop straw during its initial decomposition in soil was simulated by Model-maker software. A good fit was obtained between the simulated and measured data of 6 variables, including the amount of soil ammonium N, nitrate N, microbial biomass N and their 15N atom %. The simulation results indicated that the main N form immobilized by soil microbes was ammonium, while the immobilization of nitrate was very small.

High RBC labeling efficiency by controlling pretinning with the modified in vivo/in vitro labeling method.

Objective: The image quality for gastrointestinal bleeding studies depends on the efficiency of red blood cell labeling. The in vitro technique has been used widely because of its high labeling efficiency. New data for the modified in vivo/in vitro method are lacking.

Rapid determination of log10 50% lethal doses or 50% infective doses.

A reference table is presented for rapid determination of 50% lethal doses or 50% infective doses after administering 10-fold serial dilutions of toxins, viruses, sera, etc., to six animals per dilution.

Indirect mouse model for the evaluation of potential antiviral compounds: results with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.

An indirect mouse model was utilized to evaluate the antiviral activity of several compounds against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus infection in mice. Mice were given various dosages of lysine-stabilized polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid, a tilorone analogue, kethoxal, or mepacrine before and/or shortly after receiving one of several dose levels of attenuated strain TC-83 VEE virus. Twenty-one days later, the same mice were rechallenged intracranially with virulent Trinidad donkey strain VEE virus.