Engineering immunomodulatory nanoplatforms from commensal bacteria-derived polysaccharide A.

Capsular zwitterionic polysaccharides (CZPs), typically found on the surfaces of commensal gut bacteria, are important immunomodulatory molecules due to their ability to produce a T cell dependent immune response upon processing by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Their immunological activity makes them potentially useful for generating material constructs that are applicable for the treatment of diseases, or as vaccines. Herein, we explored synthetic strategies to generate immunologically active polymer-carbohydrate conjugates and nanomaterials of the CZP, Polysaccharide A (PSA) derived from .

Bioderived materials that disarm the gut mucosal immune system: Potential lessons from commensal microbiota.

Over the course of evolution, mammals and gut commensal microbes have adapted to coexist with each other. This homeostatic coexistence is dependent on an intricate balance between tolerogenic and inflammatory responses directed towards beneficial, commensal microbes and pathogenic intruders, respectively. Immune tolerance towards the gut microflora is largely sustained by immunomodulatory molecules produced by the commensals, which protect the bacteria from immune advances and maintain the gut's unique tolerogenic microenvironment, as well as systemic homeostasis.

The Wheel of Change Moves On: Assessing the Severity of Stalking Behavior.

Stalking is a significant social issue. The inconsistency as to what defines stalking has resulted in the creation of different methods to measure the crime. However, there has been minimal work done that assesses the severity of individual stalking behaviors.

Biodistribution and toxicity of epitope-functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticles in a pregnant murine model.

In pursuit of a preventive therapeutic for maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism, we assessed the toxicity, biodistribution, and clearance of a MAR specific peptide-functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticle system in pregnant murine dams. We previously synthesized ~15 nm citrate-coated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs), surface-modified with polyethylene glycol and MAR peptides to produce systems for nanoparticle-based autoantibody reception and entrapments (SNAREs). First, we investigated their immunogenicity and MAR lactate dehydrogenase B antibody uptake in murine serum in vitro.

The NIH Open Citation Collection: A public access, broad coverage resource.

Citation data have remained hidden behind proprietary, restrictive licensing agreements, which raises barriers to entry for analysts wishing to use the data, increases the expense of performing large-scale analyses, and reduces the robustness and reproducibility of the conclusions. For the past several years, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Portfolio Analysis (OPA) has been aggregating and enhancing citation data that can be shared publicly. Here, we describe the NIH Open Citation Collection (NIH-OCC), a public access database for biomedical research that is made freely available to the community.