Effect of landmark identification on cephalometric measurements: guidelines for cephalometric analyses.

Identification of craniofacial landmarks, particularly condylar anatomy, on the lateral cephalometric radiograph is erratic. The accuracy of recognition is critical for proper diagnosis of malocclusion and for assessing growth and orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification of condylion and other cephalometric landmarks commonly used, or thought to be easily identifiable.

Characteristics of an oral and maxillofacial radiology department. Report of the ad hoc Department Characteristics Committee of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.

Oral and maxillofacial radiology is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that plays a critical role in patient care, the education of general dentists and dental specialists, and the academic health of the dental school. Diagnostic and treatment advances in temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), implants trauma and orthognathic surgery, and craniofacial abnormalities depend heavily on conventional and advanced imaging techniques. Oral and maxillofacial radiology contributes to the education of pre- and post-doctoral dental students with respect to biomedical and clinical knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills, and the professional and ethical values necessary to properly prescribe, obtain, and interpret radiographs.

The role of the encyclopedic Howard System in the professionalization of chiropractic National College, 1906-1981.

D.D. Palmer, chiropractic's discoverer and nomenclator, lost his Palmer School to his son, B.

Identification of condylar anatomy affects the evaluation of mandibular growth: guidelines for accurate reporting and research.

Mandibular length is measured on cephalographs to depict changes during growth and after orthodontic treatment, and is often defined between condylion (Co, most posterior superior point on the condylar outline) and pogonion (Pog, most anterior point on the chin). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of identifying condylar anatomy, thus the validity of using Co-Pog to evaluate mandibular growth. The sample included 34 children from a prospective study on the early treatment of distoclusions.