Role of the Psi Packaging Signal and Dimerization Initiation Sequence in the Organization of Rous Sarcoma Virus Gag-gRNA Co-Condensates.

Retroviral genome selection and virion assembly remain promising targets for novel therapeutic intervention. Recent studies have demonstrated that the Gag proteins of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) undergo nuclear trafficking, colocalize with nascent genomic viral RNA (gRNA) at transcription sites, may interact with host transcription factors, and display biophysical properties characteristic of biomolecular condensates. In the present work, we utilized a controlled in vitro condensate assay and advanced imaging approaches to investigate the effects of interactions between RSV Gag condensates and viral and nonviral RNAs on condensate abundance and organization.

Cannabinoid type-1 receptors in CaMKII neurons drive impulsivity in pathological eating behavior.

Objectives: Overconsumption of palatable food and energy accumulation are evolutionary mechanisms of survival when food is scarce. These innate mechanisms becom detrimental in obesogenic environment promoting obesity and related comorbidities, including mood disorders. This study aims at elucidating the role of the endocannabinoid system in energy accumulation and hedonic feeding.

Microviridae bacteriophages influence behavioural hallmarks of food addiction via tryptophan and tyrosine signalling pathways.

Food addiction contributes to the obesity pandemic, but the connection between how the gut microbiome is linked to food addiction remains largely unclear. Here we show that Microviridae bacteriophages, particularly Gokushovirus WZ-2015a, are associated with food addiction and obesity across multiple human cohorts. Further analyses reveal that food addiction and Gokushovirus are linked to serotonin and dopamine metabolism.

Galloway-Mowat syndrome with retinal involvement associated with a novel variant: case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder classically characterized by central nervous system and renal abnormalities. Optic atrophy has been reported as a common ophthalmic feature, and other characteristics, including nystagmus, strabismus, oculomotor apraxia, and retinopathy have been reported; however, data on retinal involvement and dysfunction is limited. In this case report, we aim to describe retinal findings in a female adolescent diagnosed with GAMOS due to a homozygous variant in the gene.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Investigating Vessel Density Changes Induced by Caffeine in Healthy Subjects.

Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive drug globally, has been associated with vascular changes in various organs, including the retina. Researchers have reported vascular constriction in the retina in response to caffeine, although data on its effects remain limited and somewhat contradictory. Further research is needed to clarify the specific impact of caffeine on retinal blood vessels and its potential implications for ocular health.