The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity.

Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biological) or nurture (social) is still debatable.

The modernization of medical training at Escola Paulista de Medicina and the Rockefeller Foundation, 1956-1962.

The study analyses scientific knowledge circulation between Brazil and the United States, drawing on Rockefeller Foundation's funding to Escola Paulista de Medicina to modernize medical training. The chosen initial chronological landmark is 1956, when the foundation started funding the Brazilian institution, and the final year is 1962, deadline for spending the grants. The study's sources are dossiers collected at Rockefeller Archive Center, analyzed drawing on the evidential paradigm.

Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in pituitary tumors and their relationship with cavernous sinus invasion.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in pituitary tumors and investigate their correlation with circulating plasma proteins and cavernous sinus invasion. In addition, the Ki-67 index was also assessed.

Methods: Seventy-four patients (37 females) with pituitary adenomas were included, with preoperative peripheral blood collected in 29 cases.

Passive sampling-derived aqueous concentrations of organotins and booster biocides in the largest Port of South America (Southeastern Brazil).

Organotin compounds (OTs) used to be the most widely used biocide in antifouling paint systems, but the International Maritime Organization (IMO) banned them because of their high environmental toxicity to non-target organisms. Currently, at least 25 active ingredients are being employed as biocides in antifouling paint formulations. In the present study, silicone rubber-based passive sampling was used to determine the freely dissolved concentrations (C) of 6 OTs and 4 booster biocides in the water column at the entrance of Santos Port's main navigation channel, the largest Port of South America (southeastern Brazil).

Assessment of Efficacy of Implant Screwdrivers' During Multiple Tightening/ Untightening Cycles. An in vitro Study.

Introduction: It is unclear the number of times a screwdriver may be reused without loosening its efficacy or inducing damage to implant screws while keeping appropriate torque values.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of the screwdriver and internal threads on the tightening efficacy by assessing the reverse torque value (RTV).

Methods: The efficacy was tested with four groups of screws: two titanium groups and two gold-platted (n=5).