Effects of spatial learning using tactile maps on orientation accuracy by path integration and mental imagery walking in blindfolded sighted people.

Purpose: Focusing on individuals with visual impairment, this study investigated the effects of spatial learning using tactile maps on orientation accuracy by path integration in physical and mental imagery walking scenarios.

Materials And Methods: Twelve blindfolded sighted people learned nonlooping routes with two corners using tactile maps composed of volumetric raised-line elements, then navigated the routes physically and mentally. At four orientation points along the route-the starting point, Corner A, Corner B, and the endpoint-participants indicated the direction of the other points by aligning a raised, tapered rectangle attached to a horizontal digital protractor.

East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very-short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere.

Deep convection in the Asian summer monsoon is a significant transport process for lifting pollutants from the planetary boundary layer to the tropopause level. This process enables efficient injection into the stratosphere of reactive species such as chlorinated very-short-lived substances (Cl-VSLSs) that deplete ozone. Past studies of convective transport associated with the Asian summer monsoon have focused mostly on the south Asian summer monsoon.

Water Vapor, Clouds, and Saturation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer.

The goal of this investigation is to understand the mechanism behind the observed high relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) in the tropical region between ~14 km (150 hPa) and the tropopause, often referred to as the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). As shown by satellite, aircraft and balloon observations, high (>80%) RHi regions are widespread within the TTL. Regions with the highest RHi are co-located with extensive cirrus.

Effects of Capsaicin Coadministered with Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Obesity-Related Dysregulation in High-Fat-Fed Mice.

Obesity-induced inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and capsaicin could protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders. The experiments were performed using male C57BL/6J mice that were fed one of the following diets for 10 weeks: standard chow (5.

Assessment of diastolic function of normal fetal heart using dual-gate Doppler.

Objectives: The ratio of mitral peak early diastolic filling to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e') reflects diastolic cardiac function in adults. Dual-gate Doppler (DD) enables measurements of E/e' in the same heart beat. This study was designed to assess the utility of the DD method for measurement of fetal E/e' and determine reference ranges for normal fetuses.