Determination of correlation between cytokines IL 6, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL17 and severity of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients having hepatitis C.

Objectives: To determine the correlation between the levels of interleukins 6, 8, 10, 12 and 17 and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients positive for hepatitis C.

Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and comprised data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were positive for hepatitis C on polymerase chain reaction test from March 2021 to December 2022. A control group of healthy patients was also included.

A quality assessment and systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on hormone replacement therapy for menopause using the AGREE II instrument.

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have an indispensable role in guiding the selection of treatments for menopause. Variations in guidelines can impact treatments and health outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess CPGs on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause, systematically reviewing their quality and compiling recommendations for HRT usage.

Magnetic resonance imaging phantom-based S1 vertebral scores are indicators of fat-water-like osteoporotic changes in postmenopausal women: a pilot study.

Study Design: A prospective study.

Purpose: To assess fat-water-like tissue changes on the 1st sacral vertebra using novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantombased F- and W-scores and evaluate their diagnostic performances in osteoporosis detection.

Overview Of Literature: Using an uncommonly advanced MRI technique, previous studies have found that fat-water changes were consistent with osteoporosis.

Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis and a strong family history-a case of Osler- Weber-Rendu Syndrome in Pakistan.

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome or Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare condition, with very few reported cases, especially in Pakistan. As healthcare workers, we encounter multiple cases of recurrent epistaxis in the emergency as well as outpatient departments. However, patients are usually treated symptomatically without a thorough workup.