Clarifications on the Intended Use of USP <61> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests.

In the execution of its legislated responsibilities, the United States Food and Drug Administration commonly refers to standard test methods detailed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Microbiological test methods (contained in general chapters) are listed in chapters <51> to <80> with details regarded as enforceable where referenced as a test method. USP <61> "Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Microbial Enumeration Tests" is a globally harmonized chapter that has been successfully employed for the enumeration of microorganisms recoverable from nonsterile finished drug products.

Sterility Assurance-Current and Future State.

Manufacture by aseptic processing accompanied by end product compendial sterility testing has been the predominant means of production and disposition of therapeutics requiring the critical quality attribute of sterility. Despite significant advancements in microbiology and epidemiology and innovations in therapeutic products and engineering, there have been minimal advancements in the standards and regulations governing the assurance of sterility. Furthermore, the assurance of sterility of current and future therapies are not well served in a singular fashion, rather therapies occupy optimal locations in a sterility assurance design space within which parametric release is the default and expected mode of product disposition.

Using the monocyte activation test as a stand-alone release test for medical devices.

Monocyte activation tests (MAT) are widely available but rarely used in place of animal-based pyrogen tests for safety assessment of medical devices. To address this issue, the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods and the PETA International Science Consortium Ltd. convened a workshop at the National Institutes of Health on September 18-19, 2018.

Fidelity to Science & Correct Scientific Vocabulary-Microbial Control Versus Contamination Control.

More than at any other moment in our history, it is imperative that we maintain fidelity to sound science and ensure the correct use of the associated scientific vocabulary. This is especially the case with respect to pharmaceutical microbiology and its practice in ensuring adequate controls in the manufacture of safe and efficacious therapeutics. Here, the current state of challenges and headwinds to pharmaceutical microbiology and how these are intimately linked with fidelity to sound science and the correct use of the associated scientific vocabulary are described.

The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources.

We have merged four different views of the human plasma proteome, based on different methodologies, into a single nonredundant list of 1175 distinct gene products. The methodologies used were 1) literature search for proteins reported to occur in plasma or serum; 2) multidimensional chromatography of proteins followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy (MS) identification of resolved proteins; 3) tryptic digestion and multidimensional chromatography of peptides followed by MS identification; and 4) tryptic digestion and multidimensional chromatography of peptides from low-molecular-mass plasma components followed by MS identification. Of 1,175 nonredundant gene products, 195 were included in more than one of the four input datasets.