Upper airway imaging and function in obstructive sleep apnea in people with and without HIV.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. With improved long-term survival among PLWH, aging and obesity are increasingly prevalent in this population. These are also strong risk factors for the development of obstructive sleep apnea.

Nitrogen-based lung clearance index: a valid physiological biomarker for the clinic.

Multiple breath washout (MBW) testing is increasingly used as a physiological measurement in the clinic, due in part to the availability of commercial equipment and reference values for MBW indices. Commercial N washout devices are usually based on indirect measurement of N concentration (), by directly measuring either molar mass and O and CO, or molar mass and CO. We aim to elucidate the role of two potential pitfalls associated with N-MBW testing that could override its physiological content: indirect N measurement and blood-solubility of N.

Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea in people living with HIV.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), and it might contribute to frequently reported symptoms and comorbidities. Traditional risk factors for OSA are often absent in PLWH, suggesting that HIV or HIV medications might predispose to OSA. Therefore, we measured the anatomical and nonanatomical traits important for OSA pathogenesis in those with and without HIV.

Aging-Related Differences in Structural and Functional Interhemispheric Connectivity.

There is substantial evidence of age-related declines in anatomical connectivity during adulthood, with associated alterations in functional connectivity. But the relation of those functional alterations to the structural reductions is unclear. The complexities of both the structural and the functional connectomes make it difficult to determine such relationships.