Kinetic Characterization of 100 Glycoside Hydrolase Mutants Enables the Discovery of Structural Features Correlated with Kinetic Constants.

The use of computational modeling algorithms to guide the design of novel enzyme catalysts is a rapidly growing field. Force-field based methods have now been used to engineer both enzyme specificity and activity. However, the proportion of designed mutants with the intended function is often less than ten percent.

In vitro antimutagenicity of capsaicin toward heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98.

Capsicum fruits are widely consumed as a component of the human diet. Capsaicin is the principle substance responsible for their hot, pungent taste. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are formed during cooking of meats and are mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds.

Effect of high sucrose diet on liver enzyme content and activity and aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal toxin and contaminant that has been implicated in human liver carcinogenesis. In this study we evaluated the effect of a 65% of total calories from sucrose diet (HSD) for 90 days on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity compared to rats maintained on standard lab chow (0% sucrose). There was a statistically significant increase in the number of S.

Effect of high sucrose diet on cytochrome P450 1A and heterocyclic amine mutagenesis.

To assess the effect of dietary sucrose on liver cytochrome P450 1A content and activity, male F344 rat weanlings were randomized into two diet groups for a period of 90 days. One group was fed a diet containing 65% of total calories from sucrose (HSD) while the other was fed standard lab chow (0% sucrose). Microsomal fractions from each of 10 animals in each group were used in Western immunoblot, mutagenesis and 7-alkoxyresorufin-0-deethylase (AROD) assays.

Effects of high sucrose diet on body and liver weight and hepatic enzyme content and activity in the rat.

The effect of sucrose on the induction of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance is well-documented. Studies show that, although oral administration of glucose does not significantly decrease total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 content, it causes an increase in cytosolic protein and in microsomal phospholipid and fatty acid content. In this study we examined the effects of a chronic high sucrose diet (HSD) on liver enzyme activity.