Silver nanoparticles enhance the mitigation of osmotic stress in Chenopodium quinoa microshoots grown under in vitro osmo-stressing conditions.

Osmotic stress is one of the main destructive abiotic factors that hinder plant growth and development. In this research, the role of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in mitigating the negative impact of osmotic stress on in vitro grown Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa 6 Line; Q6) was investigated to determine whether Ag NPs were able to reduce the negative effects on the in vitro grown cultures of the Q6 line. The explants were subcultured onto a special osmostressing media containing sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol at different levels (0.

Transmission of a Gaussian beam through a Fabry-Perot interferometer.

The transmission of a Gaussian beam through a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) has been investigated. The equation for the electric field of the transmitted beam was derived and then the transmitted irradiance I(t) was numerically calculated for different selected parameters of both the FPI and the beam. The results show that the energy profile of the transmitted beam has been distorted to different degrees depending on the various parameters of the Gaussian beam and the FPI.