Determining the time to cholangiocarcinoma in pediatric-onset PSC-IBD.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. When a child is diagnosed with both PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), evidence-based information on counseling families and risk management of developing cholangiocarcinoma is limited. In this case series (PubMed/collaborators), we included patients with PSC-IBD who developed cholangiocarcinoma and contacted authors to determine an event curve specifying the time between the second diagnosis (IBD or PSC) and a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

About Whom Are We Talking When We Use Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities?

Importance: Communicating clearly about who is included in a population group is a critical element to effective dissemination and knowledge transfer. This narrative review highlights the inconsistency as it relates to communicating about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and developmental disability (DD).

Observations: There is enormous variability in the use of definitions and abbreviations in the field of intellectual disability and developmental disabilities.

Dye-based chromoendoscopy detects more neoplasia than white light endoscopy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and IBD.

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of colorectal cancer. There is no agreement on the best technique for surveillance for colorectal neoplasia. We aimed to assess whether chromoendoscopy and/or high-definition endoscopy is associated with increased detection of neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis undergoing surveillance compared with when they were not used.

The Genitofemoral Nerve Is the Structure Closest to the Tendon Footprint and Is Most at Risk for Iatrogenic Injury During Proximal Adductor Longus Repair: A Cadaveric Anatomy Study.

Purpose: To identify structures at risk during proximal adductor longus repair and to report observed distances between these structures and the adductor longus (AL) footprint.

Methods: Eight hemipelves from fresh cadaver whole-body specimens were dissected using a previously established surgical approach. The tendinous attachment of the AL was scored into the underlying bone and the footprint size was measured in millimeters.

Ultrafast photochemical processes in 1,2-dichloroethene measured with a universal XUV probe.

The presence of two chlorine atoms in 1,2-dichloroethene allows for isomerization around the double bond. This isomerization can lead to rich photochemistry. We present a time-resolved pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy measurement on both the - and - isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene.