Formation of a low-mass galaxy from star clusters in a 600-million-year-old Universe.

The most distant galaxies detected were seen when the Universe was a scant 5% of its current age. At these times, progenitors of galaxies such as the Milky Way were about 10,000 times less massive. Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) combined with magnification from gravitational lensing, these low-mass galaxies can not only be detected but also be studied in detail.

Inborn errors of immunity reveal molecular requirements for generation and maintenance of human CD4 IL-9-expressing cells.

Background: CD4 T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4 T-cell subsets-T1, T2, T17, T22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing T9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity.

Expanding the diagnostic toolbox for complex genetic immune disorders.

Laboratory-based immunology evaluation is essential to the diagnostic workup of patients with complex immune disorders, and is as essential, if not more so, depending on the context, as genetic testing, because it enables identification of aberrant pathways amenable to therapeutic intervention and clarifies variants of uncertain significance. There have been considerable advances in techniques and instrumentation in the clinical laboratory in the past 2 decades, although there are still "miles to go." One of the goals of the clinical laboratory is to ensure advanced diagnostic testing is widely accessible to physicians and thus patients, through reference laboratories, particularly in the context of academic medical centers.

Samelisant (SUVN-G3031), a histamine 3 receptor inverse agonist: Results from the phase 2 double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adult patients with narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy is a rare, chronic neurological disorder characterized by a dysregulated sleep-wake cycle, with core clinical features including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnopompic/hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Several treatment options are available for the symptomatic management of narcolepsy, but they have limitations. Comorbidities of narcolepsy further limit the treatment choices.

Self and peer feedback engagement and receptivity among medical students with varied academic performance in the clinical skills laboratory.

Background: Medical students benefit from direct observation of clinical performance and timely feedback from multiple sources. While self and peer feedback have been the focus of numerous research studies, how they influence feedback engagement and receptivity in medical students of varying achievement levels in the clinical skills laboratory setting remains relatively unexplored.

Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study to investigate students' engagement and receptivity to self and peer feedback across academic performance levels at a medical teaching institution.