Gene networks encapsulate biological knowledge, often linked to polygenic diseases. While model system experiments generate many plausible gene networks, validating their role in human phenotypes requires evidence from human genetics. Rare variants provide the most straightforward path for such validation.
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Objectives: Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) can be achieved with various techniques. Evidence supporting the long-term clinical advantages of one technique over another are inconclusive.
The double photoionization of a molecule by one photon ejects two electrons and typically creates an unstable dication. Observing the subsequent fragmentation products in coincidence can reveal a surprisingly detailed picture of the dynamics. Determining the time evolution and quantum mechanical states involved leads to deeper understanding of molecular dynamics.
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