Biomechanical basis of common shoulder problems.

Balancing mobility and stability, the biomechanics of the shoulder provides optimal use of the thumb and hand. More than a glenohumeral joint, the shoulder complex consists of four joints and numerous muscles and ligaments. Injuries to the shoulder result from overuse, extremes of motion, and excessive forces.

Health effects following chronic dosing with tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot in adult game-farm mallards.

Permanent approval of shot composed of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer for waterfowl hunting by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was pending the results of the present study that examined the health and reproductive effects of the two shot types on mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) over a 150-day period.

Evaluation of a free vascularized medial tibial bone graft in dogs.

Objective: To develop a free vascularized tibial bone graft based on the periosteal saphenous blood supply.

Study Design: Preliminary anatomic study of medial tibial blood supply. In vivo comparison of a vascularized and avascular tibial bone graft.