[Innervation density in the stroma and the muscular tunica in biopsies of the normal and pathologic bladder].

Twenty-eight open urinary bladder biopsies were stained using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for S100 to demonstrate the innervation pattern in three different patient groups. The nerve profiles in the subepithelial stroma and in the musculosa were counted and compared. There was a definite correlation between nerve density in both layers.

Neuropathological examination of the alterations of the intrinsic innervation in multiple sclerosis cystopathy.

Morphometric analysis of the innervation pattern of the stromal layer of the urinary bladder was done on biopsies from 88 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS). The biopsies were stained for acetylcholinesterase and for S100 protein, and a semiquantitative score was assigned. Nearly 30% of the samples showed increased immunoreactivity for S100, indicating Schwann cell hyperplasia.

Endoscopic biopsies for quantitative nerve density evaluation of the urinary bladder.

Nerve density in the lamina propria from endoscopic and open bladder biopsies is compared in normal and pathologic urinary bladders. A semiquantitative appreciation of nerve density is obtained by counting the fibers in a number of high power fields after S100 staining. Nerve density scoring on endoscopic biopsies is reliable and reproducible and can be applied in the assessment of neurogenic and nonneurogenic bladder disorders.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptidergic innervation of human urinary bladder in normal and pathological conditions.

Urinary bladder biopsies from 31 multiple sclerosis patients, 9 diabetics, 5 patients after transtrigonal phenolization and 20 control patients were stained for acetylcholinesterase, S100 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The VIP immunoreactivity was not decreased in all neuropathic bladders and its depletion was not related to cholinergic depletion. There was no correlation between bladder over- or underactivity and VIP content.