Ontogeny and organ-specific steroidal glycoside diversity is associated with differential expression of steroidal glycoside pathway genes in two Solanum dulcamara leaf chemotypes.

Solanaceous plants, such as Solanum dulcamara, produce steroidal glycosides (SGs). Leaf SG profiles vary among S. dulcamara individuals, leading to distinct phytochemical phenotypes ('chemotypes') and intraspecific phytochemical diversity ('chemodiversity').

Mechanisms of Isothiocyanate Detoxification in Larvae of Two Belowground Herbivores, and (Diptera: Anthomyiidae).

Like aboveground herbivores, belowground herbivores are confronted with multiple plant defense mechanisms including complex chemical cocktails in plant tissue. Roots and shoots of Brassicaceae plants contain the two-component glucosinolate (GSL)-myrosinase defense system. Upon cell damage, for example by herbivore feeding, toxic and pungent isothiocyanates (ITCs) can be formed.

A high-quality functional genome assembly of Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) annotated from egg to adult.

Belowground herbivores are overseen and underestimated, even though they can cause significant economic losses in agriculture. The cabbage root fly Delia radicum (Anthomyiidae) is a common pest in Brassica species, including agriculturally important crops, such as oilseed rape. The damage is caused by the larvae, which feed specifically on the taproots of Brassica plants until they pupate.

Infection Patterns and Fitness Effects of and Symbionts in the Green Lacewing .

Endosymbionts are widely distributed in insects and can strongly affect their host ecology. The common green lacewing () is a neuropteran insect which is widely used in biological pest control. However, their endosymbionts and their interactions with their hosts have not been very well studied.

Functional Variation in Dipteran Gut Bacterial Communities in Relation to Their Diet, Life Cycle Stage and Habitat.

True flies and mosquitos (Diptera) live in habitats and consume diets that pose specific demands on their gut bacterial communities (GBCs). Due to diet specializations, dipterans may have highly diverse and species-specific GBCs. Dipterans are also confronted with changes in habitat and food sources over their lifetime, especially during life history processes (molting, metamorphosis).