A Cross Sectional Study of Cytokines in Women with Refractory Detrusor Overactivity versus Controls.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Previous work has suggested that refractory detrusor overactivity (DO) was commonly associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), which can lead to inflammatory changes in the bladder. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of urinary cytokines in a large sample of women with refractory detrusor overactivity (DO) and age matched controls.

Methods: The urinary concentration of 27 cytokines in 140 women (95 with refractory DO and 45 age matched controls (women without urge incontinence)) was determined using the Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay.

Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on urothelial cell adenosine triphosphate release and breakdown.

Objectives: Urinary symptoms of urgency, frequency, and pain are thought to be the result of inflammation in several bladder pathologies although the cause of these symptoms remains uncertain. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from the bladder urothelium during normal bladder stretch is believed to bind to purinergic receptors on afferent nerves to signal bladder sensation. This study examined pro-inflammatory cytokines in the urine of women with detrusor overactivity (DO) with or without urinary tract infection (UTI) compared to controls and then determined the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on ATP signaling (release and breakdown) from the urothelium.

Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Ceria Quantum Dots Modulate Intra- and Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Selectively Reduce Human A375 Melanoma Cell Proliferation.

Nanomaterials show great promise for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, most nanomaterials lack selectivity for cancer cells, damaging healthy ones. Cerium dioxide (ceria, CeO) nanoparticles have been shown to exert selective toxicity toward cancer cells due to the redox modulating properties they display as their size decreases.

Effect of substituents on the ability of nickel Schiff base complexes with four pendant groups to bind to G-quadruplexes.

The synthesis of eleven new nickel Schiff base complexes each bearing four pendant groups is reported. The structures of the complexes differ in the identity of the pendant groups and/or diamine moiety. All complexes were characterised by microanalysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), while the solid-state structures of two of the molecules were also determined using X-ray crystallographic methods.