Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of the Enterobacterial gene wecA, the Shiga Toxin genes (stx and stx) and the Intimin gene (eae).

Objectives: The aetiology of several human diarrhoeas has been increasingly associated with the presence of virulence factors rather than with the bacterial species hosting the virulence genes, exemplified by the sporadic emergence of new bacterial hosts. Two important virulence factors are the Shiga toxin (Stx) and the E. coli outer membrane protein (Eae) or intimin, encoded by the stx and eae genes, respectively.

The Arnon-Buchanan cycle: a retrospective, 1966-2016.

For the first decade following its description in 1954, the Calvin-Benson cycle was considered the sole pathway of autotrophic CO assimilation. In the early 1960s, experiments with fermentative bacteria uncovered reactions that challenged this concept. Ferredoxin was found to donate electrons directly for the reductive fixation of CO into alpha-keto acids via reactions considered irreversible.

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Legionella pneumophila using multi-colored capillary electrophoresis.

Several methods for typing of Legionella pneumophila exist, one of which is an 8-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA). This method is based on separating and sizing amplified VNTR PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. In the present work, the existing L.

Parallel nanoliter detection of cancer markers using polymer microchips.

A general multipurpose microchip technology platform for point-of-care diagnostics has been developed. Real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) for detection of artificial human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 sequences and SiHa cell line samples was successfully performed in cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microchips, incorporating supply channels and parallel reaction channels. Samples were distributed into 10 parallel reaction channels, and signals were simultaneously detected in 80 nl volumes.

Rational engineering of enzyme stability.

During the past 15 years there has been a continuous flow of reports describing proteins stabilized by the introduction of mutations. These reports span a period from pioneering rational design work on small enzymes such as T4 lysozyme and barnase to protein design, and directed evolution. Concomitantly, the purification and characterization of naturally occurring hyperstable proteins has added to our understanding of protein stability.