Effect of acute hyperglycaemia on sodium handling and excretion of nitric oxide metabolites, bradykinin, and cGMP in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acutely induced hyperglycaemia on renal sodium handling and to explore the role of the bradykinin-nitric oxide-cGMP signalling pathway.

Patients And Methods: We compared 20 Type 1 diabetic (DM1) patients without microalbuminuria with 15 weight-, age-, and sex-matched healthy controls (C). Clearances of para-aminohippuric acid (CPAH), inulin (Cin), lithium, sodium, and urinary nitrite/nitrate (NOx), cGMP and bradykinin excretion rates were measured in two 90-min periods: a glycaemic clamp-induced euglycaemia (5 mmol/l-period I) and hyperglycaemia (12 mmol/l-period II) (Study 1) and during time-controlled euglycaemia (5 mmol/l-period I and 5 mmol/l-period II) to avoid the effects of time and volume load (Study 2).

Effects of ACE inhibition and AT1-receptor blockade on haemodynamic responses to L-arginine in Type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to improve endothelial function in Type 1 diabetes. However, the potential of ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) to enhance the haemodynamic effects of L-arginine (L-arg), the precursor of nitric oxide (NO), has not been evaluated. Furthermore, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), another group of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), have not been studied in this context.

Effect of acute hyperglycaemia on selected plasma and urinary cytokine antagonists in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aims/hypothesis: Several cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Their ability to generate a biological response in vivo is modulated by specific antagonists and soluble receptors. The aims of the study were firstly, to measure the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and tumour necrosis factor alpha soluble receptors p55 (TNFsr1) and p75 (TNFsr2) in plasma and urine, and secondly to test their response to acutely induced hyperglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1).

[Changes in blood pressure, proteinuria and renal hemodynamics in type I diabetes with manifestations of diabetic nephropathy after 2 months of captopril therapy].

In 15 type I diabetics with manifest diabetic nephropathy the authors investigated the antihypertensive and antiproteinuric effect of captopril and in seven patients of this group also its effect on renal haemodynamics. Captopril treatment or its combination with hitherto used antihypertensive treatment was associated after two months with a significant drop of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 150/95 (120/70-195/110) to 130/90 (110/65-180/115) mmHg, (p < 0.005 < 0.