Histamine: A Key Neuromodulator of Memory Consolidation and Retrieval.

In pharmacological studies conducted on animals over the last four decades, histamine was determined to be a strong modulator of learning and memory. Activation of histamine signaling enhances memory consolidation and retrieval. Even long after learning and forgetting, it can still restore the retrieval of forgotten memories.

Karyopherin-β1 Regulates Radioresistance and Radiation-Increased Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Nuclear transport receptors, such as karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), play important roles in the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Recent evidence indicates the involvement of nuclear transport receptors in the progression of cancer, making these receptors promising targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of KPNB1 blockage or in combination with ionizing radiation on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Thermodynamic analyses of triplex formation with homopurine oligonucleotide.

We analyzed the thermodynamics of purine motif triplex formation by isothermal titration calorimetry. The signs of calorimetric enthalpy change, delta Hcal, and entropy change, delta S, of the triplex formation were negative in the temperature range between 15 and 35 degrees C. Since an observed negative delta S was unfavorable for the triplex formation, the triplex formation was driven by a large negative delta Hcal.

Triplex formation of chemically modified homopyrimidine oligonucleotides: thermodynamic and kinetic studies.

We have investigated effects of chemical modifications of a third strand on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the triplex formation between a 23-bp duplex and each of four kinds of 15-mer chemically modified third strands using isothermal titration calorimetry and interaction analysis system. The chemical modifications of the third strand included one base modification, with replacement of thymine by uracil; two sugar moiety modifications, RNA and 2'-O-methyl-RNA; and one phosphate backbone modification, with replacement of phosphodiester by phosphorothioate backbone. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters obtained were similar in magnitude at room temperature for the triplex formation with the base-modified and the sugar-modified third strands.

Effect of chemical modification of oligohomopyrimidine on triplex formation: thermodynamic and kinetic studies.

To investigate the effect of chemical modification of the third strand on the stability of triplex DNA, we have examined the thermodynamic properties of the triplex formation between a 23-mer double-stranded homopurine-homopyrimidine and each of five kinds of 15-mer chemically modified single-stranded homopyrimidines by isothermal titration calorimetry, and the kinetic properties by interaction analysis system. The modifications of the third strand included two base modifications, two sugar moiety modifications, and one phosphate backbone modification. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the triplex formation were similar in magnitude among the two base-modified and two sugar-modified single strands.