Environmental pollutant SO₂ exposure affects trophoblast function involving an ER stress pathway.

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) is a toxic air pollutant with deleterious effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and reproductive systems. SO₂, being freely diffusible, can cross the placenta and reach the fetal system. Previous studies have reported the association between SO₂ exposure and adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes without much emphasis on its molecular aspects.

PDE4B promotes JNK/NLRP3 activation in the nucleus pulposus and mediates intervertebral disc degeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration disease (IDD) is one of the leading causes of disability, and current therapies are ineffective. Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) plays essential roles in regulating the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, whether PDE4B or NLRP3 is involved in the development of IDD is unclear.

PDE4B Modulates Phosphorylation of p65 (Ser468) via cAMP/PKA in Acute Lung Injury.

Aim: The important role of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI has been reported. However, the corresponding mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the relationship between PDE4B and phosphorylation of p65 (Ser468) in LPS-induced injury by in vivo and in vitro models was investigated.

Clinical Impact of Exosome Chemistry in Cancer.

As we progress into the 21st century, cancer stands as one of the most dreaded diseases. With approximately one in every four individuals facing a lifetime risk of developing cancer, cancer remains one of the most serious health challenges worldwide. Its multifaceted nature makes it an arduous and tricky problem to diagnose and treat.

Metabolic remodeling and de novo mutations transcend cryptic variation as drivers of adaptation in yeast.

Many organisms live in predictable environments with periodic variation in growth condition. Adaptation to these conditions can lead to loss of nonessential functions, which could be maladaptive in new environments. Alternatively, living in a predictable environment can allow populations to accumulate cryptic genetic variation that may have no fitness benefit in that condition, but can facilitate adaptation to new environments.