Anterior hippocampal and orbitofrontal cortical structural brain abnormalities in association with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Objective: Numerous studies have implicated the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. However, precisely which subregions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are abnormal remain unknown. Our study goal was to investigate the structure of the anterior hippocampus, posterior hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) simultaneously in thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia and twenty-nine controls to determine which of these subregions are abnormal in schizophrenia.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia.

The authors review the literature on cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of schizophrenia. They begin by providing a historical context to explain the recent resurgence of interest in this area. Next, they provide an overview of studies of cognitive-behavioral interventions that target poor insight, medication nonadherence, and refractory symptoms.

Olfactory identification and WAIS-R performance in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Introduction: An expanding database supports the notion that the deficit syndrome (DS) is a discrete condition within schizophrenia and recent data argues that Smell Identification Deficits (SID) may have a primary relationship with its pathophysiology. If so, then the relationship of University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores with other neurocognitive measures in DS patients may point to the neural substrate of the deficit syndrome.

Method: We examined the relationship of UPSIT scores and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) performance in 46 DSM-IV schizophrenia patients.

Trail making and olfaction in schizophrenia: implications for processing speed.

Background: Previous research has established a relationship between smell identification deficits (SID) and particular aspects of cognitive function among patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: To expand the extant literature, we examined the relationship between SID and the Trail Making Test to determine if processing speed is related to SID.

Methods: Our sample included 60 inpatients from the New York State Psychiatric Institute's Schizophrenia Research Unit.

A brief smell identification test discriminates between deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia.

Evidence is accumulating that smell identification deficits (SID) and social dysfunction in schizophrenia may share a common pathophysiology. While most schizophrenia studies utilize the lengthy 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to assess smell identification ability, a brief 12-item smell identification test (B-SIT) has recently been constructed as a culturally neutral substitute for the UPSIT. By selecting the 12 items of the UPSIT from which the B-SIT was originally derived, we constructed a proxy for the B-SIT and compared the performance of 83 patients with schizophrenia to 69 normal subjects.