SURGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL THROUGH AN OPTIC DISK PIT.

Purpose: To demonstrate intraoperative dynamic flow through an optic disk pit.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case report.

Results: Surgical management of an optic disk pit involved standard, 25-gauge, pars plana vitrectomy, induction of posterior hyaloid separation with triamcinolone stain, temporal peripapillary laser, and SF 6 gas.

Generalist bird exhibits site-dependent resource selection.

Quantifying resource selection (an organism's disproportionate use of available resources) is essential to infer habitat requirements of a species, develop management recommendations, predict species responses to changing conditions, and improve our understanding of the processes that underlie ecological patterns. Because study sites, even within the same region, can differ in both the amount and the arrangement of cover types, our objective was to determine whether proximal sites can yield markedly different resource selection results for a generalist bird, northern bobwhite (). We used 5 years of telemetry locations and newly developed land cover data at two, geographically distinct but relatively close sites in the south-central semi-arid prairies of North America.

Woody encroachment happens via intensification, not extensification, of species ranges in an African savanna.

Widespread woody encroachment is a prominent concern for savanna systems as it is often accompanied by losses in productivity and biodiversity. Extensive ecosystem-level work has advanced our understanding of its causes and consequences. However, there is still debate over whether local management can override regional and global drivers of woody encroachment, and it remains largely unknown how encroachment influences woody community assemblages.

Overcoming an "irreversible" threshold: A 15-year fire experiment.

A key pursuit in contemporary ecology is to differentiate regime shifts that are truly irreversible from those that are hysteretic. Many ecological regime shifts have been labeled as irreversible without exploring the full range of variability in stabilizing feedbacks that have the potential to drive an ecological regime shift back towards a desirable ecological regime. Removing fire from grasslands can drive a regime shift to juniper woodlands that cannot be reversed using typical fire frequency and intensity thresholds, and has thus been considered irreversible.

Ocular metastasis as initial presentation in breast cancer.

Two patients presented to their ophthalmologists with vision disturbances. On ocular examination, retinopathic lesions were observed. On subsequent examination, these lesions were diagnosed as metastases of breast cancer.