Antimicrobial, Preservative, and Hazard Assessments from Eight Chemical Classes.

Preservatives, such as isothiazolinones and formaldehyde-releasing compounds, provide safety and stability in consumer products by preventing microbial contamination. Yet these ingredients present human and environmental hazards, including allergic contact dermatitis and aquatic toxicity. The development of safer alternatives has been stymied by trade-offs between safety and efficacy.

Bioretention Design Modifications Increase the Simulated Capture of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Trace Organic Compounds.

Stormwater rapidly moves trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from the built environment to the aquatic environment. Bioretention cells reduce loadings of some TrOCs, but they struggle with hydrophilic compounds. Herein, we assessed the potential to enhance TrOC removal via changes in bioretention system design by simulating the fate of seven high-priority stormwater TrOCs (e.

Persistent Trace Organic Contaminants Are Transformed Rapidly under Sulfate- and Fe(III)-Reducing Conditions in a Nature-Based Subsurface Water Treatment System.

Subsurface treatment systems, such as constructed wetlands, riverbank filtration systems, and managed aquifer recharge systems, offer a low-cost means of removing trace organic contaminants from treated municipal wastewater. To assess the processes through which trace organic contaminants are removed in subsurface treatment systems, pharmaceuticals and several major metabolites were measured in porewater, sediment, and plants within a horizontal levee (i.e.

Bioretention Cells Provide a 10-Fold Reduction in 6PPD-Quinone Mass Loadings to Receiving Waters: Evidence from a Field Experiment and Modeling.

Road runoff to streams and rivers exposes aquatic organisms to complex mixtures of chemical contaminants. In particular, the tire-derived chemical 6PPD-quinone (-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine-quinone) is acutely toxic to several species of salmonids, which are critical to fisheries, ecosystems, and Indigenous cultures. We therefore urgently require interventions that can reduce loadings of 6PPD-quinone to salmonid habitats.

Methane-Oxidizing Activity Enhances Sulfamethoxazole Biotransformation in a Benthic Constructed Wetland Biomat.

Ammonia monooxygenase and analogous oxygenase enzymes contribute to pharmaceutical biotransformation in activated sludge. In this study, we hypothesized that methane monooxygenase can enhance pharmaceutical biotransformation within the benthic, diffuse periphytic sediments (i.e.