Seeking simplicity, navigating complexity: How veterinarians select an antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals.

Background: Minimizing harm from antimicrobials requires use of the narrowest spectrum drug, at an effective dose for the minimum effective duration. Many prescribers are not currently following these guidelines. To address suboptimal antimicrobial use, the underlying reasons must be understood.

MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses is dependent on the cells that harbour them and on different events that change the transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Non-coding (nc)RNAs are key factors in the regulation of retrovirus replication cycles.

Using natural language processing and patient journey clustering for temporal phenotyping of antimicrobial therapies for cat bite abscesses.

Background: Temporal phenotyping of patient journeys, which capture the common sequence patterns of interventions in the treatment of a specific condition, is useful to support understanding of antimicrobial usage in veterinary patients. Identifying and describing these phenotypes can inform antimicrobial stewardship programs designed to fight antimicrobial resistance, a major health crisis affecting both humans and animals, in which veterinarians have an important role to play.

Objective: This research proposes a framework for extracting temporal phenotypes of patient journeys from clinical practice data through the application of natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques, using cat bite abscesses as a model condition.

Gene therapy to cure HIV infection.

To date, the only intervention that has cured HIV infection has been bone marrow transplants from HIV-resistant donors to HIV-infected recipients. This approach has been used to both cure hematological malignancies and HIV infection, but it cannot be widely adopted due to the high risk of mortality associated with cell transplants between individuals. To overcome this limitation, several approaches have been developed to generate HIV resistance using gene therapy in an infected individual's own cells.