Unhealthy alcohol use independently associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes among Indian men.

Approximately 10% of incident TB cases worldwide are attributable to alcohol. However, evidence associating alcohol with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes is weak. We prospectively evaluated men (≥18 years) with pulmonary TB in India for up to 24 months to investigate the association between alcohol use and treatment outcomes.

Mu opioid receptor activation enhances regulator of G protein signaling 4 association with the mu opioid receptor/G protein complex in a GTP-dependent manner.

The interaction of Regulator of G protein Signaling 4 (RGS4) with the rat mu opioid receptor (MOR)/G protein complex was investigated. Solubilized MOR from rat brain membranes was immunoprecipitated in the presence of RGS4 with antibodies against the N-terminus of MOR (anti-MOR10-70 ). Activation of MOR with [D-Ala(2) , N-Me-Phe(4) , Gly(5) -ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) during immunoprecipitation caused a 150% increase in Goα and a 50% increase in RGS4 in the pellet.