Modelling the field personnel resources to control foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in New Zealand.

The objective of the study was to simulate New Zealand's foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) operational plan to determine personnel requirements for an FMD response and understand how the numbers of front-line staff available could affect the size and duration of FMD outbreaks, when using stamping-out (SO) measures with or without vaccination. The model utilized a national dataset of all known livestock farms. Each simulation randomly seeded infection into a single farm.

Axin1 Protects Colon Carcinogenesis by an Immune-Mediated Effect.

Background & Aims: Axin1 is a negative regulator of wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling with tumor-suppressor function. The Wnt pathway has a critical role in the intestine, both during homeostasis and cancer, but the role of Axin1 remains elusive.

Methods: We assessed the role of Axin1 in normal intestinal homeostasis, with control, epithelial-specific, Axin1-knockout mice (Axin1) and Axin2-knockout mice.

Investigations into a trigger-based approach for initiating emergency vaccination to augment stamping out of foot-and-mouth disease in New Zealand: a simulation study.

Aims: To investigate an adaptive management approach to the deployment of emergency vaccination as an additional measure to stamping out (SO) during simulated outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in New Zealand.

Methods: A simulation modelling (n=6000 simulations) approach was used. The study population comprised all known farms in New Zealand with FMD-susceptible livestock.

Real-Time Standard Analysis of Disease Investigation (SADI)-A Toolbox Approach to Inform Disease Outbreak Response.

An incursion of an important exotic transboundary animal disease requires a prompt and intensive response. The routine analysis of up-to-date data, as near to real time as possible, is essential for the objective assessment of the patterns of disease spread or effectiveness of control measures and the formulation of alternative control strategies. In this paper, we describe the Standard Analysis of Disease Investigation (SADI), a toolbox for informing disease outbreak response, which was developed as part of New Zealand's biosecurity preparedness.