Publications by authors named "R Salmen"
Welding fumes are a Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The process of welding creates inhalable fumes rich in iron (Fe) that may also contain known carcinogenic metals such as chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Epidemiological evidence has shown that both mild steel (Fe-rich) and stainless steel (Fe-rich + Cr + Ni) welding fume exposure increases lung cancer risk, and experimental animal data support these findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStainless steel welding creates fumes rich in carcinogenic metals such as chromium (Cr). Welding consumables devoid of Cr are being produced in an attempt to limit worker exposures to toxic and carcinogenic metals. The study objective was to characterize a copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) fume generated using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and determine the pulmonary deposition and toxicity of the fume in mice exposed by inhalation.
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- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies iron oxides as Group 3, meaning they are not classifiable as carcinogenic, while certain iron-related occupational exposures are classified as Group 1, known to be carcinogenic.
- A study conducted with A/J mice showed that exposure to iron (III) oxide (FeO) and calcium chromate (CaCrO) resulted in a significant increase in lung tumors, with both substances enhancing lung tumor multiplicity compared to control (sham) groups.
- Histopathological analysis revealed that bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas and carcinomas were the main types of lung tumors observed, with a notable increase in the CaCrO group and a nearly significant increase in
The objective of the current study was to determine if age, diet, and genetic disposition (animal strain) in an animal model had early effects on specific molecular markers in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Three strains [Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fischer 344 (F344), and Brown-Norway (BN)] of male rats were maintained on a high-fat (HF) or regular diet. Blood was collected at 4, 12, and 24 wk to assess chemistry and to recover PBMCs.
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- In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer labeled welding fumes as carcinogenic to humans, emphasizing the need for further study on the toxicity of different metals involved, specifically chromium, nickel, and iron.
- The study aimed to compare the pulmonary toxicity of various metal oxides and assess their potential to promote lung tumors in mice using specific doses and exposure methods.
- Findings showed that iron oxide (Fe2O3) had significant inflammatory effects and promoted lung tumors, whereas nickel oxide (NiO) had negligible effects, and chromium oxides (Cr2O3 and CaCrO4) had acute but not long-lasting pneumotoxic effects, aligning with prior epidemiological data.