Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in children and genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in Kolkata, West Bengal after introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Background: Despite global rotavirus vaccination efforts, rotavirus remains a leading cause of childhood deaths from acute gastroenteritis. Post-vaccination studies in India, particularly in eastern India, have been limited, despite high prevalence of rotavirus in this region prior to vaccine introduction. This study was conducted to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine on the epidemiology of rotavirus and other enteric viruses, as well as the changes in the diversity of rotavirus strains among children (≤5 years) with acute gastroenteritis.

Pathway Thermodynamic Analysis Postulates Change in Glutamate Metabolism as a Key Factor in Modulating Immune Responses.

Background: Temperature, as seen during fever, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Shifts in temperature influence the thermodynamic feasibility of metabolic reactions, with Gibbs free energy (ΔG) serving as a key indicator of the spontaneity of reactions under specific conditions. By altering ΔG in response to temperature changes across various metabolite concentrations and cell types, we can gain insights into the thermodynamic properties of metabolic pathways and identify critical factors involved in metabolism and immune function.

Numerical and in vitro experimental studies for assessing the blood hematocrit and oxygenation with the dual-wavelength photoacoustics.

Assessing the blood hematocrit (Hct) and oxygenation (SO ) levels are essential for diagnosing numerous blood-related diseases. This study examines the ability of the photoacoustic (PA) technique for quantitative evaluation of these parameters. We conducted the Monte Carlo and k-Wave simulations to compute PA signals at four different optical wavelengths from test blood samples followed by rigorous in vitro experiments.

A New Differential Gene Expression Based Simulated Annealing for Solving Gene Selection Problem: A Case Study on Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Few Other Gastro-intestinal Diseases.

Identifying the set of genes collectively responsible for causing a disease from differential gene expression data is called gene selection problem. Though many complex methodologies have been applied to solve gene selection, formulated as an optimization problem, this study introduces a new simple, efficient, and biologically plausible solution procedure where the collective power of the targeted gene set to discriminate between diseased and normal gene expression profiles was focused. It uses Simulated Annealing to solve the underlying optimization problem and termed here as Differential Gene Expression Based Simulated Annealing (DGESA).

Formulating abiraterone acetate-HPMCAS-based amorphous solid dispersions: insights into and biorelevant dissolution assessments and pharmacokinetic evaluations.

Abiraterone acetate (ABTA) is used as a primary treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Its low aqueous solubility results in inadequate dissolution and poor oral bioavailability (<10%), necessitating the consumption of large doses of ABTA (1000 mg per day) for desired efficacy. The aim of this study is to enhance the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of ABTA through amorphous solid dispersions (SDs).