Evolutionary diversification of C2 photosynthesis in the grass genus Homolepis (Arthropogoninae).

Background And Aims: To better understand C4 evolution in monocots, we characterized C3-C4 intermediate phenotypes in the grass genus Homolepis (subtribe Arthropogoninae).

Methods: Carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), leaf gas exchange, mesophyll (M) to bundle sheath (BS) tissue characteristics, organelle size and numbers in M and BS tissue, and tissue distribution of the P-subunit of glycine decarboxylase (GLDP) were determined for five Homolepis species and the C4 grass Mesosetum loliiforme from a phylogenetic sister clade. We generated a transcriptome-based phylogeny for Homolepis and Mesosetum species to interpret physiological and anatomical patterns in an evolutionary context, and to test for hybridization.

"Too few, too far away, for what is paid": Consumer voices about the personal assistance worker crisis.

Background: The growing gap between demand and supply of personal assistance service (PAS) workers presents a significant burden to those who use services. The intensity and duration of hardship is growing, and consumer voices need to be heard and incorporated into the national dialogue.

Objective: This paper explores how PAS worker shortages manifest themselves in the daily lives of people with disabilities using or needing PAS services in the United States.

The genome of Eleocharis vivipara elucidates the genetics of C-C photosynthetic plasticity and karyotype evolution in the Cyperaceae.

Eleocharis vivipara, an amphibious sedge in the Cyperaceae family, has several remarkable properties, most notably its alternate use of C photosynthesis underwater and C photosynthesis on land. However, the absence of genomic data has hindered its utility for evolutionary and genetic research. Here, we present a high-quality genome for E.

Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) as a case study for the evolution of C and C photosynthesis.

C photosynthesis is a photosynthetic pathway in which photorespiratory CO release and refixation are enhanced in leaf bundle sheath (BS) tissues. The evolution of C photosynthesis has been hypothesized to be a major step in the origin of C photosynthesis, highlighting the importance of studying C evolution. In this study, physiological, anatomical, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical properties of leaf photosynthetic tissues were investigated in six non-C Tribulus species and four C Tribulus species.

C monocots and C dicots exhibit rapid photosynthetic induction response in contrast to C plants.

Considering the prevalence of ever-changing conditions in the natural world, investigation of photosynthetic responses in C plants under fluctuating light is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dynamic illumination on photosynthesis in totally 10 C, C-C intermediate, C-like and C dicots and monocots at CO concentrations of 400 and 800 μmol mol. C and C-like plants had faster photosynthetic induction and light-induced stomatal dynamics than C plants at 400 μmol mol, but not at 800 μmol mol CO, at which the CO supply rarely limits photosynthesis.