Diverse microbiome functions, limited temporal variation and substantial genomic conservation within sedimentary and granite rock deep underground research laboratories.

Background: Underground research laboratories (URLs) provide a window on the deep biosphere and enable investigation of potential microbial impacts on nuclear waste, CO and H stored in the subsurface. We carried out the first multi-year study of groundwater microbiomes sampled from defined intervals between 140 and 400 m below the surface of the Horonobe and Mizunami URLs, Japan.

Results: We reconstructed draft genomes for > 90% of all organisms detected over a four year period.

Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study.

Treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are evolving, given recent and expected approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-(ligand) 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). We retrospectively evaluated outcomes among patients with resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC tumors expressing PD-L1 using PALEOS (Pan-cAnadian Lung cancEr Observational Study) data (2016-2019). Key outcomes included PD-L1 expression rate and treatment patterns, recurrence, and median overall (mOS) and disease-free survival (mDFS) among PD-L1+ patients.

Convergent evolution of viral-like Borg archaeal extrachromosomal elements and giant eukaryotic viruses.

Unlabelled: Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements of anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea. They exist in exceedingly complex microbiomes, lack cultivated hosts and have few protein functional annotations, precluding their classification as plasmids, viruses or other. Here, we used structure prediction methods to investigate potential roles for ∼10,000 Borg proteins.

Making the Invisible Visible: Understanding Autonomic Dysfunctions Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Autonomic dysfunctions are a major challenge to individuals following spinal cord injury. Despite this, these consequences receive far less attention compared with motor recovery. This review will highlight the major autonomic dysfunctions following SCI predominantly based on our present understanding of the anatomy and physiology of autonomic control and available clinical data.