Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases among pregnant employees in Germany. A situation analysis before the introduction of the Measles Protection Act.

Background: Immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases prior to pregnancy is an important measure of primary prevention both for the mother and the unborn child. We analyzed immunity rates against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and pertussis in pregnant employees in Germany prior to significant changes in legal conditions in 2020, to provide a basis of comparison for future research.

Methods: We analyzed occupational-medical routine data in three collectives of pregnant women with an occupational risk of infection in the years 2018 and 2019: 1: hospital staff with regular access to an in-house company physician (n = 148); 2: employees in childcare with regular access to external occupational-health services (n = 139); 3: teachers with no regular access to occupational healthcare (n = 285).

Safety analysis of new medications in clinical trials: a simulation study to assess the differences between cause-specific and subdistribution frameworks in the presence of competing events.

Safety is an essential part of the evaluation of new medications and competing risks that occur in most clinical trials are a well identified challenge in the analysis of adverse events. Two statistical frameworks exist to consider competing risks: the cause-specific and the subdistribution framework. To date, the application of the cause-specific framework is the standard practice in safety analyses.

Washout appearance of hepatocellular carcinomas using standardized contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) including an extended late phase observation - Real-world data from the prospective multicentre DEGUM study.

Background: Non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is based on the combination of arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) and subsequent late (>60 seconds) and mild contrast washout (WO). Whereas APHE is seen in the majority of HCC, wash-out pattern may vary in onset and intensity. In some HCC lesions, even no washout is seen at all.

[Use of high-flow oxygen treatment in the emergency medical service: what are the dangers for users from the perspective of occupational and fire protection?].

Introduction: The administration of high concentrations of oxygen may harm patients or paramedics by increasing the probability of fire. The presented work investigated the effect of oxygen applied via high flow in different concentrations and flow rates on environmental oxygen concentrations in the patient compartment of an ambulance.

Results: Environmental oxygen concentrations increased rapidly over time and oxygen is stored in blankets and clothes over a long period.

Bowel wall thickening and hyperemia assessed by high-frequency ultrasound indicate histological inflammation in Crohn's ileitis.

Purpose: We evaluated ileal bowel wall thickness and semiquantitative vascularization by ultrasound in correlation with the presence or absence of histopathological inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 221 ultrasound examinations of the terminal ileum or neoterminal ileum in CD patients with biopsies of the ileum during colonoscopies within 8 weeks of the ultrasound. Ultrasound data were obtained from an inflammatory bowel disease ultrasound register from 2011 to 2017.