Pixel-based reconstruction (PBR) promising simultaneous techniques for CT reconstructions.

Algorithms belonging to the class of pixel-based reconstruction (PBR) algorithms, which are similar to simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques (SIRTs) for reconstruction of objects from their fan beam projections in X-ray transmission tomography, are discussed. The general logic of these algorithms is discussed. Simulation studies indicate that, contrary to previous results with parallel beam projections, the iterative algebraic algorithms do not diverge when a more logical technique of obtaining the pseudoprojections is used.

Replitase: a complex integrating dNTP synthesis and DNA replication.

Replitase is a multienzyme complex of mammalian cells that produces deoxynucleoside triphosphates and delivers them to the DNA polymerase activity, which also resides in the complex. Structural interactions within this complex form the basis of internal controls to keep these key biosynthetic processes efficient and in balance. The active complex is formed in the nuclear region in only the S phase of the cell cycle, when the cell's DNA is being replicated.

Light-induced proton permeability changes in retinal rod photoreceptor disk membranes.

We have used the membrane-permeant charged fluorescent dye, 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (diS-C3[5]), to monitor electrical potentials across the membranes of isolated bovine disks. Calibration curves obtained from experiments where a potential was created across the disk membrane by a potassium concentration gradient and valinomycin showed an approximately linear relation between dye fluorescence and calculated membrane potential from 0 to -120 mV. Light exposure in the presence of the permeant buffer, imidazole, caused a rapid decay of the membrane potential to a new stable level.

Allosteric interaction of components of the replitase complex is responsible for enzyme cross-inhibition.

The enzymes of DNA polymerization and DNA precursor synthesis are assembled in the replitase complex during the S phase of the cell cycle. Cross-inhibition is a phenomenon shown by enzymes of the replitase complex, in which inhibition of one enzyme of the complex leads to inhibition of a second, unrelated enzyme. This inhibition occurs only in vivo and only during S phase.

Extended sensitivity for the calcium selective electrode.

Sensitivity of calcium-selective electrodes heretofore has been limited to calcium concentrations above 10(-8) M in the absence of competing ions. We describe the use of calcium buffers to stabilize the free calcium in the reference electrode. Electrode calibration is linear to 10(-8) M and is curvilinear to 10(-11) M in the presence of 0.