Preparing the male urethra for transurethral procedures.

The antiseptic and analgesic effectiveness of different preparations of lignocaine gel used prior to flexible cystoscopy were studied in patients recruited over a 12-month period. This random study involved 106 patients in four groups. There appeared to be no difference in bacterial colonisation of the urethra between the groups.

Use of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics in the release of preputial adhesions: is it a worthwhile alternative?

Objective: To see if a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) could be used effectively for the release of preputial adhesions as a day case procedure.

Patients And Methods: A total of 36 consecutive symptomatic children had their preputial adhesions separated under local anaesthetic with EMLA.

Results: The procedure was successful in 27 children.

Long-term prognostic significance of thymidine labelling index in primary breast cancer.

Tumour growth rates, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine, have been reported as being of prognostic importance in breast cancer. We have measured the thymidine labelling index (TLI) of 185 early breast cancers, followed-up for a minimum of 8 years. Above median TLI was associated with higher tumour grade, but not with other prognostic factors.

Attenuating the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation using awake fibreoptic intubation.

Blood pressure and pulse rate measurements were recorded in 35 patients undergoing endotracheal intubation during general anaesthesia (Group A), and 35 patients who had an awake fibreoptic intubation under local anaesthesia (Group B). The mean arterial pressure in Group A rose by a mean of 35 mmHg immediately after intubation, compared with a mean fall of 9 mmHg in Group B. The mean pulse rate in Group A rose by 24 beats per minute (b.

The long term prognostic significance of oestrogen receptor analysis in early carcinoma of the breast.

The long term prognostic significance of oestrogen receptors was assessed in a prospective study of 767 patients presenting between the years 1975 and 1981 with stage 1 and 2 breast cancer treated by mastectomy with either full axillary dissection or nodal sampling. Oestrogen receptor binding was determined by a dextran coated charcoal method and median follow up was 11 years. Oestrogen receptors were present in 396 (54%) of tumours.