Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, thus multivariate analyses help untangle its effects. We employed multiple contrast MRI to reveal age-related brain changes in populations at risk for AD, due to APOE4 carriage. We assessed volume and microstructure changes using diffusion weighted imaging, and quantitative magnetic susceptibility maps (QSM) reflective primarily of cerebral iron metabolism.

Public Health.

Background: Some individual-level interventions for dementia risk factors could be cost saving. We aimed to estimate the cost effectiveness of population-level interventions for tackling dementia risk factors. We found such interventions for tobacco smoking, excess alcohol use, diet modification to decrease hypertension and obesity, air pollution, and head injury.

Biomarkers.

Background: While we do not yet have the means to detect early Alzheimer's disease (AD), studying subjects at risk conferred by the presence of the APOE4 allele, can provide useful information before clinical onset. We show that using symmetric bilinear regression with L1 penalty (SBL) of individual (DTI, fMRI) and fused connectomes, we can identify vulnerable regions changing in association with hallmark AD biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid: amyloid beta Aβ42/40, phosphorylated tau (PTAU), and neurofibrillary light (NfL) as a proxy for neurodegeneration.

Methods: We use structural connectomes derived from diffusion-weighted MRI (DTI) and functional connectomes (fMRI) from 57 subjects, 45 normal controls and 12 cognitively impaired to predict CSF Aβ42/40, PTAU, and NfL to reflect neurodegeneration.

Treatment of Acne With a 1726 nm Laser, Air Cooling, and Real-Time Temperature Monitoring, Software-Assisted Power Adjustment to Achieve a Temperature Endpoint With Selective Sebaceous Gland Photothermolysis.

Objectives: This work highlights the methods used to develop a multi-pulse 1726 nm laser system combined with bulk air-cooling for selective sebaceous gland (SG) photothermolysis using thermal imaging and software algorithms. This approach enables treating to a desired tissue temperature and depth to provide a safe, effective, reproducible, and durable treatment of acne.

Methods: We designed and built a 1726 nm laser system with a 40 W maximum power output, a highly controlled air-cooling device, and a thermal camera in the handpiece, which permits real-time temperature monitoring of the epidermis.