Identification of preoperative predictive markers of periprosthetic joint infection in presumed aseptic revisions of total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) occur at a rate of 1-2% in primary arthroplasties and 4% in revisions, posing a significant healthcare challenge. PJI diagnosis is hindered by absence of a universally accepted diagnostic standard. The primary outcome was to develop a predictive model to identify patients at risk of developing unforeseen PJI subsequent to presumed aseptic revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Macrophages on the wrinkle: Exploring microscale interactions with substrate topography.

Macrophages play pivotal roles in the immune response, participating in both inflammatory and pro-healing processes. Like other cells, macrophages continually survey their microenvironment through mechanosensing, adapting their intracellular organization in response to mechanical signals. In this study, we elucidate how macrophages perceive the topographical cues of wrinkled surfaces through actin-based structures, which align with the main pattern direction, thus modulating cell cytoskeletal dynamics.

Deep learning-based optimization of field geometry for total marrow irradiation delivered with volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Background: Total marrow (lymphoid) irradiation (TMI/TMLI) is a radiotherapy treatment used to selectively target the bone marrow and lymph nodes in conditioning regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A complex field geometry is needed to cover the large planning target volume (PTV) of TMI/TMLI with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Five isocenters and ten overlapping fields are needed for the upper body, while, for patients with large anatomical conformation, two specific isocenters are placed on the arms.

Microbial composition associated with biliary stents in patients undergoing pancreatic resection for cancer.

Malignant bile duct obstruction is typically treated by biliary stenting, which however increases the risk of bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the microbial content of the biliary stents from 56 patients finding widespread microbial colonization. Seventeen of 36 prevalent stent species are common oral microbiome members, associate with disease conditions when present in the gut, and include dozens of biofilm- and antimicrobial resistance-related genes.

Breast implant surface topography triggers a chronic-like inflammatory response.

Breast implants are extensively employed for both reconstructive and esthetic purposes. However, the safety of breast implants with textured surfaces has been questioned, owing to a potential correlation with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and the recurrence of breast cancer. This study investigates the immune response elicited by different prosthetic surfaces, focusing on the comparison between macrotextured and microtextured breast implants.