[Discriminatory power of executive functions and of theory of mind in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Rationale for intervention].

Introduction: Executive functions and theory of mind (ToM) deficits are present in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Identifying the magnitude of the association between executive functions and ToM is important for understanding the disorder.

Aims: This study adopts a naturalistic evaluation approach to analyze the executive functions versus ToM ability to discriminate between children with ADHD and typically developing children and to identify the degree of association between deficits in the components of executive functions (behavioral regulation and metacognitive) and ToM.

[Treatments for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: what is the evidence base to date?].

The evidence base from empirical studies is one of the elements, along with patients' preference and consideration of particular clinical state and circumstances, that should be taken into account in the process of clinical decision making. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence base for the treatment of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drawing on the results of the most recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials assessing the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of ADHD. Overall, available recent meta-analyses show that psychostimulants, and, although to a less extent, non psychostimulants, are efficacious in terms of control of core ADHD symptoms, at least in the short term; and although the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments (behavioral interventions, diet, cognitive training and neurofeedback) for ADHD core symptoms remains uncertain, some non-pharmacological approach are efficacious for ADHD-related problems, such as behavioral interventions for oppositional problems and parenting skills, and cognitive training for working memory deficits.

[Comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit with hyperactivity. A review study].

Introduction: The high presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been acknowledged in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition, thus allowing the diagnosis of both disorders.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to review the research published between 2010 and 2014 on the cognitive and social characteristics of the concurrence of ASD and ADHD.

Development: A review of the 33 studies that were identified showed evidence that the prevalence of symptoms of ADHD in children with ASD was 33-37%.