Epigenetic treatment-mediated modulation of PD-L1 predicts potential therapy resistance over response markers in myeloid malignancies: A molecular mechanism involving effectors of PD-L1 reverse signaling.

Recent evidence suggests an association exists between resistance to epigenetic therapy (EGT) and the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in myeloid malignancies. Biomarkers are required to predict resistance to EGT in myeloid malignancies, which together with the delineation of associated molecular mechanisms, may provide additional understanding for novel treatment strategies when investigating resistance to EGT. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGT on the expression of PD-1, PD-L1 and orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 with clinical responses in patients with myeloid malignancies.

Effect of rifabutin on ethambutol pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.

The effect of repeated administration of rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ethambutol was evaluated in ten healthy volunteers. The subjects received a single oral administration of 1200 mg ethambutol on days 1 and 10 and a single daily oral dose of 300 mg rifabutin from days 3 to 9. No statistically significant difference was found in plasma pharmacokinetics (C(max), t(max), AUC, half-life and MRT) and in the renal clearance, whereas a significant decrease in the amount of unchanged ethambutol excreted in urine was observed.

Pedicle screw fixation for arthrodesis of the lumbosacral spine in the elderly. An outcome study.

Study Design: An analysis of the outcome and effectiveness of instrumented arthrodesis of the lumbosacral spine in elderly patients conducted using a review of records, assessment of fusion via plain radiographs, and a two-part questionnaire.

Objective: To ascertain the outcome and efficacy of instrumented arthrodesis of the lumbosacral spine in patients 60 years of age and older.

Background Data: From 1987 to 1991, 38 patients of at least 60 years of age underwent instrumented arthrodesis of the lumbosacral spine using the Wiltse or Selby pedicle screw fixation system (Advanced Spine Fixation Systems, Inc.

A study of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ritipenem acoxil in healthy volunteers following multiple oral dosing.

The pharmacokinetics of ritipenem acoxil, the oral prodrug of the antibiotic ritipenem, were studied in volunteers after single and repeated dosing (500 mg, three times daily for 10 days). Concentrations of ritipenem and open beta-lactam ring metabolites were measured using HPLC/UV. Ritipenem did not accumulate significantly in plasma, owing to its half-life of about 0.

Evaluation of continuous intraspinal narcotic analgesia for chronic pain from benign causes.

Intraspinal narcotic analgesia (INA) has been used for chronic pain from nonmalignant causes with moderate success. To ascertain the efficacy of the morphine pump, we reviewed the 2-year results of continuous INA in 18 patients with failed back syndrome or arachnoiditis and intractable, debilitating pain that was unrelieved by conventional means. All patients underwent a trial screening of single-dose intrathecal narcotics with good pain relief.