Particulate matter contamination of intravenous antibiotics aggravates loss of functional capillary density in postischemic striated muscle.

Through the increased use of less expensive and counterfeit medicines, the contamination of parenteral fluids and drugs by particulate matter poses an increasing health hazard worldwide. However, the mechanism of action of such contamination has never been conclusively demonstrated. We have systemically injected the particles contained in three different 1-g preparations of the antibiotic cefotaxime into hamsters and visualized the functional capillary density in striated skin muscle, using intravital fluorescence microscopy.

Impact of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on the bowel and vaginal flora after single-dose prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy.

The aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate the effect of a preoperative, single dose, intravenous injection of ceftriaxone 2g and cefotaxime 2g in 2 groups of 30 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy. The parameters were: efficacy and tolerance; impact on the aerobic bowel and vaginal flora; and serum concentrations. There were no significant differences in efficacy, haematology or clinical chemistry parameters.

Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefpirome (HR 810), a novel cephalosporin derivative.

After intravenous injection of single doses of 1.0 g of cefpirome (HR 810) and multiple doses of 1.0 g b.

Relative bioavailability of ofloxacin tablets in comparison to oral solution.

Single oral doses of solution and tablet preparations of 300 mg ofloxacin were given to 13 healthy male volunteers in an open, randomized crossover study. Concentrations of the unchanged drug were monitored at various times in serum and urine, over 28 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Each dose was followed by a 1-week washout period.

Renal tolerance of ofloxacin, a new gyrase inhibitor.

An open study was carried out in 12 male, healthy volunteers to investigate the renal tolerance of ofloxacin, a new, broad-spectrum oral antibacterial agent. Subjects received single doses of 300 mg and then repeated doses of 300 mg ofloxacin twice daily for 7 days. Urine was collected in several fractions during the study and the excretion of creatinine, alanine-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and n-acetyl-beta-glucose aminidase (NAG) was calculated in 12-hour fractions.