Health impacts, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of aromatic hydrocarbons (C-C) in the Central Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

The pristine Himalayas are sensitive to pollutants from different source regions, including its foothills that have adverse effects on air quality and climate. Despite this, there are no observations of aromatic hydrocarbons in the central Himalayas. Thus, online observations of aromatics (C-C, defined here as BTEX) were conducted for the first time at the mountain site (Nainital, 1958 m) in the central Himalayas during January 2017-December 2022 period.

Advancing Treatment for Leishmaniasis: From Overcoming Challenges to Embracing Therapeutic Innovations.

Protozoan parasite infections, particularly leishmaniasis, present significant public health challenges in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting socio-economic status and growth. Despite advancements in immunology, effective vaccines remain vague, leaving drug treatments as the primary intervention. However, existing medications face limitations, such as toxicity and the rise of drug-resistant parasites.

Genetic variants and type 2 diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of associated polymorphisms in case-control studies.

Background: India, with the largest population and second-highest type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence, presents a unique genetic landscape. This study explores the genetic profiling of T2DM, aiming to bridge gaps in existing research and provide insights for further explorations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published up to September 2024 using databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify SNPs associated with T2DM in case-control studies within the Indian population.

Basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive polymer: Development of naproxen sodium microspheres and suppositories with and studies.

Background And Purpose: The study explores basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive carrier for naproxen sodium, demonstrating its ability to enhance solubility when administered rectally. The mucilage, derived from seeds, showed bioadhesive properties and thermal stability, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Experimental Approach: Microspheres were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, varying polymer ratios to optimize drug delivery.

Novel endpoints based on tumor size ratio to support early clinical decision-making in oncology drug-development.

In oncology drug development, overall response rate (ORR) is commonly used as an early endpoint to assess the clinical benefits of new interventions; however, ORR benefit may not always translate into a long-term clinical benefit such as overall survival (OS). Most of the work on developing endpoints based on tumor growth dynamics relies on empirical validation, leading to a lack of generalizability of the endpoints across indications and therapeutic modalities. Additionally, many of these metrics are model-based and do not use data from all the patients.