The Phase 3 KEYLYNK-006 Study of Pembrolizumab plus Olaparib versus Pembrolizumab plus Pemetrexed as Maintenance Therapy for Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) inhibitors, including olaparib, upregulate programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which may increase efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 therapies.

Methods: In the phase 3 KEYLYNK-006 trial (NCT03976323), eligible adults with previously untreated metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC without targetable genetic alterations who had complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) following induction therapy with 4 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W, pemetrexed 500 mg/m , and carboplatin AUC5 or cisplatin 75 mg/m were randomized 1:1 to olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily or pemetrexed Q3W, both given with ≤31 cycles of pembrolizumab Q3W. Dual primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

[Study of FGFR2 status in gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization].

Background: Assessment of FGFR2 status in gastric cancer is an important task, without clarification of which it is impossible to identify a cohort of patients in whom the best response to treatment with anti-FGFR2 drugs could be obtained.

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of the expression and amplification of the gene in gastric cancer in primary tumors and metastases in the lymph nodes.

Material And Methods: FGFR2 status was studied in 61 patients with stage III gastric adenocarcinoma using an immunohistochemical method (Abcam clone EPR24075-418, R&D clone 98706, Santa Cruz clone C-8, Abcam clone 1G3) and FISH.

[Microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair deficiency detection in tumors of various sites].

Microsatellite instability, which is caused by a deficiency in the DNA unpaired nucleotide repair system, is an important pathogenetic event for some tumors. In addition, the detection of this molecular feature becomes an independent prognostic factor in the course of the disease and a predictor for the appointment of therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry is a reliable and available method for detecting a deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair system, and it has recommended as a screening for hereditary syndromes associated with microsatellite instability.

The predictive potential of autoimmune-inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) criteria to assess the risk of adverse events and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

At the moment, there are no approved predictive markers of immune adverse events (irAES) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the treatment efficacy. The early stages of irAES have some similarities with adjuvant-induced autoimmune/pro-inflammatory syndrome (ASIA). This study aims to assess the predictive possibility of using the "ASIA questionnaire" in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in comparison with determination of PD-L1 expression to predict the risk of irAES development and therapy efficacy.

Hypothesis for the development of immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy.

There are no explanations for the diversity in the development of certain immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The goal of this study is to search for possible predisposing factors that contribute to the development of certain autoimmune complications during anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy. According to the keywords "checkpoint inhibitors, anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1/PD-L1, immune adverse events, paraneoplastic syndrome" the review and original articles published in the international databases to 2021were selected and studied.