"Sigmoid take-off" to define recto-sigmoid junction and its impact on rectal cancer classification, staging, and management.

Aim: The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical impact of using sigmoid take-off (STO) in the management of rectal cancer. We also evaluated the inter-observer reliability in the identification of STO.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study reviewed staging MRI of patients with mid and high-rectal cancers performed between January 2019 and December 2022.

Leptin-dopamine interactions: unveiling the common link between type-2 diabetes and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.

Clinical evidence highlights the central nervous system as a key target in type-2 diabetes-related complications, yet the mechanisms underlying the increased prevalence of mood disorder issues, mainly depression, in patients with diabetes remain poorly understood. Leptin, an adiposity hormone known for its role in energy homeostasis, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose levels in diabetic populations. Beyond its metabolic effects, leptin also has the potential to mitigate psychiatric complications such as depression and anxiety.

Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by an inadequate pancreatic β-cell response to pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology involves reduced incretin hormone secretion and signaling, specifically decreased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), impairing insulinotropic effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), impair insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation, disrupting insulin-mediated glucose uptake.

Subunit specific altered expression and activity of casein kinase 2 in the brain tissues resected from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis patients & rodent temporal lobe epilepsy model.

Introduction: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), is associated with dysregulated excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Numerous enzymes, protein kinases, that are modulated through phosphorylation, have been linked with key processes involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Therefore, in this study, we determined the subunit specific expression and activity of multi-subunit casein Kinase 2 (CK2) which influences NMDARs through phosphorylation events, in MTS patients as well as pilocarpine model of TLE.

Interventions and Strategies to Increase Cervical Cancer Screening, Treatment, and Retention in Care among Persons with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Cervical cancer (CC) and HIV pose two major public health challenges, with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) exhibiting the highest disease burden and mortality rate for both HIV and CC-related deaths worldwide. Populations with HIV in LMICs are six times more likely to develop CC compared to the general population. Further, CC is the most frequently detected cancer and leading cause of death among women with HIV (WWH).