Role of the premotor and the precentral negative motor area in praxis: A direct electrical stimulation study with behavioral analysis.

Objective: Although the negative motor area (NMA) is defined as the area where electrical cortical stimulation inhibits voluntary movements, detail functions of NMA on praxis have not been elucidated. We investigated its role in praxis by motion analysis during stimulation at a smaller intensity.

Methods: Patients were six intractable partial epilepsy patients undergoing implantation of intracranial electrodes.

Evaluation of Brain and Spinal Cord Lesions and Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Detecting Demyelinating Diseases in Patients with Optic Neuritis.

Optic neuritis can be an early sign of demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated diseases (MOGAD). We investigated the presence or absence of head and spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessed whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests are useful in detecting demyelinating disease in patients with first diagnosed optic neuritis. We conducted a retrospective study of 111 patients (47 idiopathic, 19 NMOSD, 16 MOGAD, 16 MS, 6 optic neuritis with cerebral lesions but that does not meet the McDonald's criteria for MS (ON+)), and 7 chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy) diagnosed with optic neuritis without cerebral or spinal symptoms.

RBBP8 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Gastric Cancer.

The current biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy have several limitations, and new ones are being explored. Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 (RBBP8) is associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) and immune checkpoint molecules. Therefore, RBBP8 may serve as a novel biomarker for ICI therapy.

Changes in folic acid, phenolic components, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity in cowpea () green pods with different pod maturity.

Objective: Cowpea is an important dry bean in developing countries, and its young leaves and green pods are consumed as fresh vegetables. Consuming green pods provides vitamins, minerals, and functional components for small-scale farmers with limited access to vegetables. However, the accumulation process of functional components in young cowpea pods is unknown.

Incidence of macular hole in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for submacular hemorrhage.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of macular hole (MH) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) due to either retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) rupture or age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 47 eyes of 47 patients with SMH due to RAM rupture or AMD who underwent PPV. The presence or development of MHs was confirmed intraoperatively by the surgeon.