Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Intelligence in Presurgical Implant Planning: A Preclinical Validation.

Objectives: To validate an innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tool for automated virtual implant placement by comparing its accuracy, implant dimension selection, time efficiency, and consistency with a human intelligence (HI)-based approach for single posterior tooth replacement.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 50 time-matched cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scans with a single missing posterior mandibular tooth was selected to validate a pre-trained AI model for virtual implant placement against a HI-based approach. A quantitative comparison of implant location and implant dimension selection was conducted between AI and HI, and a qualitative three-dimensional evaluation was conducted by three implant dentistry specialists using a visual analog scale and a Turing test to assess and distinguish between AI and HI.

Demonstration of virtual imaging trial applications for optimization and education of dento-maxillofacial CBCT imaging.

Background: A number of studies have suggested that there is a need for improved understanding of dento-maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology, and to establish optimized imaging protocols. While several ex vivo/in vitro studies, along with a few in vivo studies, have addressed this topic, virtual imaging trials could form a powerful alternative but have not yet been introduced within the field of dento-maxillofacial imaging.

Purpose: To introduce and illustrate the potential of utilizing a virtual imaging trial (VIT) platform for dento-maxillofacial CBCT imaging through a number of case studies.

Hot Electron Photoemission from Tunable Electron Affinity Semiconductor Cathodes.

A voltage-tunable negative electron affinity (NEA) semiconductor photocathode offers one key advantage over current materials such as cesiated NEA photocathodes: stability under ambient conditions. A semiconductor/insulator/graphene heterostructure can inject electrons into the conduction band of the insulator, where an electric field "heats" them up so that the effective emission barrier seen by the "hot" electrons is negative, enabling a voltage-tunable NEA surface. Here, we have experimentally demonstrated a peak emission current density of 2.

Differences in Blood Leukocyte Subpopulations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: This study aims to provide robust evidence to support or challenge the immune hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of reports on blood leukocyte subpopulations in schizophrenia vs healthy controls, examining disease- and treatment-related differences as well as potential confounders.

Data Sources: Systematic database search for English and non-English peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, with the last search in January 2024.

An AI-based tool for prosthetic crown segmentation serving automated intraoral scan-to-CBCT registration in challenging high artifact scenarios.

Statement Of Problem: Accurately registering intraoral and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in patients with metal artifacts poses a significant challenge. Whether a cloud-based platform trained for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven segmentation can improve registration is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to validate a cloud-based platform trained for the AI-driven segmentation of prosthetic crowns on CBCT scans and subsequent multimodal intraoral scan-to-CBCT registration in the presence of high metal artifact expression.